Journal News

MCP: A spotlight on reproductive proteomics

Saddiq Zahari
March 1, 2019

In a collection of articles highlighting recent discoveries in sperm and egg biology, a special issue of the journal Molecular & Cellular Proteomics celebrates the contribution of the field of proteomics to a deeper understanding of reproductive biology.

MCP special issue coverThe Molecular & Cellular Proteomics special issue cover by artist Julie Newdoll illustrates the diversity of reproductive systems in the animal kingdom.Julie Newdoll

Edited by MCP Associate Editor Tim Karr of the Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, the issue showcases the versatility and multiplicity of proteomic technologies for analysis of protein abundance, post-translational modifications, protein–protein interactions and subcellular localization in reproduction.

According to Karr, proteomic approaches are particularly well-suited to studying reproductive biology.

“Sexual reproduction in many cases can be thought of as cellular action at a distance, that is, sperm travels outside the body in which it was produced,” Karr said. “Therefore, we can expect that a majority of interactions and interesting biology takes place predominantly at the protein–protein interaction level.”

Sperm are known to transmit packaged RNAs, but compared with somatic cells, sperm are transcriptionally inactive, further highlighting the importance of protein interactions.

Proteomics is also important in the study of interactions between the male ejaculate and the female reproductive tract. There is little experimental evidence that gene expression or other gene–gene interactions play a major role once the ejaculate is delivered to the reproductive tract.

“For these cases, proteomics is a fruitful approach if one wishes to understand the molecular mechanisms involved,” Karr said.

The special issue dives into a few major themes in reproductive biology. A series of papers investigates how proteomes of reproductive cells change throughout the reproductive processes, such as spermatogenesis, sperm maturation and capacitation, and oocyte activation.

Human fertility also is explored in depth in this special issue. A few studies delineate the proteomes of infertile sperm and sperm that undergo different abstinence periods. Another study provides the first draft map of the human ovarian proteome and its extracellular matrix, which can inform the development of artificial ovaries and provide greater understanding of fertility in women.

Two papers seek to understand polyandry, a pattern of mating in which a female animal has more than one male mate. One study investigates how polyandry drives sexual selection, and another looks to understand the protein–protein interactions that mediate sperm competition dynamics and preservation.

The special issue includes studies in various organisms, from humans to insects and even crocodiles. The diversity of organisms highlights the importance of studying reproduction. One study discovered that crocodile sperm undergo capacitation, a functional maturation that was thought to be restricted to mammals. The fact that an analogous process was observed in a distant reptilian species could challenge what we know about the evolution of species.

“Sperm and egg are the only cell types for which their function is universal throughout the animal kingdom,” Karr said. “From an evolutionary viewpoint, sperm and egg are the glue that binds life, and therefore their constituent proteomes may represent our deepest links to the evolution of eukaryotic life on the planet.”

Enjoy reading ASBMB Today?

Become a member to receive the print edition monthly and the digital edition weekly.

Learn more
Saddiq Zahari

Saddiq Zahari is the editor for manuscript integrity at MCP.

Get the latest from ASBMB Today

Enter your email address, and we’ll send you a weekly email with recent articles, interviews and more.

Latest in Science

Science highlights or most popular articles

‘Inert’ ingredients in pesticides may be more toxic to bees than scientists thought
News

‘Inert’ ingredients in pesticides may be more toxic to bees than scientists thought

Dec. 9, 2023

Pesticide users sometimes know very little about how inerts function. That’s partly because they are regulated very differently than active ingredients.

FDA approves CRISPR–Cas9 therapy for sickle cell disease
News

FDA approves CRISPR–Cas9 therapy for sickle cell disease

Dec. 8, 2023

The gene editing treatment from Vertex Pharmaceuticals and CRISPR Therapeutics is the first of its kind

From the journals: MCP
Journal News

From the journals: MCP

Dec. 8, 2023

Metals contaminate protein samples. Lipid droplets go haywire in Huntington’s. Nerve cells respond to stimulation. Read about these recent papers.

The perfect storm
Feature

The perfect storm

Dec. 6, 2023

The world has 2023 Nobel laureates Katalin Karikó, Drew Weissman and others to thank for laying a foundation for the COVID-19 vaccine decades before the pandemic.

Throw your hat in the ring!
Annual Meeting

Throw your hat in the ring!

Dec. 6, 2023

Apply to speak at Discover BMB in Chicago in 2025.

How bacteria inhibit gene expression
Journal News

How bacteria inhibit gene expression

Dec. 5, 2023

Researchers show how altering activity of the transcription factor CarD can cause downregulation and upregulation of some genes.