Journal News

From the journals: JLR

Nivedita Uday Hegdekar
Sept. 30, 2022

A new site-specific cholesterol control option and a better way to assess vitamin D status in critical care. Read about papers on these topics recently published in the Journal of Lipid Research.
 

A new site-specific cholesterol control option

Cholesterol is an essential component of mammalian cell membranes. Its unesterified, or free, form, localized within plasma, controls mechanical properties of the lipid bilayer such as rigidity and permeability. Cholesterol also directly interacts with a wide variety of cellular proteins at the plasma membrane, thus regulating cell signaling.

This image shows the distribution of fluorescently labelled Streptomyces sp. bacterial cholesterol oxidase in HeLa cells.
Wonhwa Cho et al./JLR
This image shows the distribution of fluorescently labelled Streptomyces sp. bacterial
cholesterol oxidase in HeLa cells.

Researchers manipulate cellular cholesterol levels either through chemical extraction and enrichment of cholesterol by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, or MβCD, and MβCD-cholesterol adducts, respectively; or by inhibition of new cellular cholesterol biosynthesis by statins. These methods are convenient but lack site-specific control of cholesterol levels within cells. Moreover, they can cause nonspecific cholesterol depletion that exerts harmful effects on cells including cell death and nonspecific alteration of cell physiology.

Ha Pham and a team of researchers from the University of Illinois Chicago and the University of Western Australia, Perth, have developed a new system that allows inducible, site-specific cholesterol depletion. They created a genetically encoded bacterial cholesterol oxidase whose membrane binding activity is altered in a way that allows spatiotemporally specific control of its membrane targeting by chemically induced dimerization with a partner protein located in a specific membrane site. The team documented the system and their findings in a recent research paper published in the Journal of Lipid Research.

In combination with quantitative imaging of cholesterol and signaling activity assays, this novel system will allow for unambiguous determination of site-specific functions of cholesterol in diverse cell membranes, including the plasma membrane and the lysosomal membrane.

Assessing vitamin D status in critical care

Vitamin D helps regulate calcium and phosphorus levels, plays a role in maintaining proper bone structure and regulates immune function. Vitamin D deficiency results in bone diseases, such as rickets, as well as cancer and cardiovascular and diseases, and is associated with increased risk for respiratory infections, including COVID-19.

When absorbed by the body, vitamin D is metabolized to 25-hydroxyvitamin D, or 25OH-D, which often is used as a biomarker to measure vitamin D levels in the body. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, or LC-MS/MS, is the gold standard for quantitative 25OH-D determination, and this technique has several advantages over previously used immunoassays, including greater selectivity, lower detection limits and improved precision.

Researchers at McMaster University and the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute have developed a high-throughput method for assessing vitamin D status from blood specimens based on direct infusion–MS/MS, or DI-MS/MS, following click derivatization using 2-nitrosopyridine, which is optimized for quicker analysis than LC-MS/MS and greater accuracy than a commercial immunoassay.

In a comparative test study, Erick Helmeczi and a team found that 25OH-D concentrations from reference blood samples measured by DI-MS/MS were less biased than the commercial immunoassay when compared to LC-MS/MS. They found that, compared to DI-MS/MS, the commercial immunoassay, often used for screening in clinical trials, underestimates the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in critically ill children who might benefit from high-dose vitamin D supplements.

These findings, published in a paper in the Journal of Lipid Research, show that DI-MS/MS can be used to assess vitamin D status rapidly and reliably in clinical trials and large-scale studies. The researchers will focus future efforts on adapting this method for the purpose of reporting clinical values.

Enjoy reading ASBMB Today?

Become a member to receive the print edition monthly and the digital edition weekly.

Learn more
Nivedita Uday Hegdekar

Nivedita Uday Hegdekar is a recent Ph.D. graduate in biochemistry and molecular biology from the University of Maryland, Baltimore.

Get the latest from ASBMB Today

Enter your email address, and we’ll send you a weekly email with recent articles, interviews and more.

Latest in Science

Science highlights or most popular articles

Keeping skin healthy: New method provides molecular portrait of sebum production
Journal News

Keeping skin healthy: New method provides molecular portrait of sebum production

Oct. 5, 2024

In a recent JBC paper, researchers at Leipzig University report that they have spatially mapped changes in gene expression in sebaceous glands for the first time.

From the journals: JLR
Journal News

From the journals: JLR

Oct. 4, 2024

Restricting chromatin access improves liver health. Ion channels and tumor aggressiveness. Sphingolipid mutations drive cognitive impairments. Read about recent articles on these topics.

The molecular biology behind exercise
Journal News

The molecular biology behind exercise

Oct. 1, 2024

Researchers in Beijing use proteomic analysis to understand the muscular adaptations made during concentric and eccentric movements.

A common parasite could one day deliver drugs to the brain
News

A common parasite could one day deliver drugs to the brain

Sept. 29, 2024

Bill Sullivan explains how scientists are turning Toxoplasma gondii, often found in contaminated food or cat feces, from foe into friend.

Not so selfish after all: Viruses use freeloading genes as weapons
News

Not so selfish after all: Viruses use freeloading genes as weapons

Sept. 28, 2024

Phage viruses, increasingly used to treat antibiotic resistance, gain an advantage by cutting off a competitor’s ability to reproduce.

From the Journals: JBC
Journal News

From the Journals: JBC

Sept. 27, 2024

An Alzheimer’s disease neuronal traffic jam. Mutant Rab35 linked to neurodevelopment disorder. Is ORMDL3 a new drug target for ulcerative colitis? Read about recent JBC papers on these topics.